Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that develop in or on the wall of the uterus. They are extremely common, affecting about 70-80% of women by the age of 50, although many have no symptoms.
What Are Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids Uterine fibroids (fibroids or leiomyomas) are noncancerous growths of the muscle tissue of the uterus. They can vary greatly in size, from the size of a seed to the size of a watermelon, and may be single or multiple.
There are several types of fibroids, classified by their location: submucosal fibroids (which develops in the uterine cavity), intramural fibroids (which grow in the muscular wall of the uterus), subserosal fibroids (which grow on the external surface of the uterus), and Pedunculated fibroids (which are attached to the uterus by a thin stalk).
symptom
Many women with fibroids have no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
Heavy menstrual bleeding are the most common symptom, often with blood clots. This can lead to anemia.
Prolonged menstrual period, usually more than a week.
Pelvic pressure or pain may occur if the fibroids are large.
Frequent urination it is due to pressure on the bladder.
Constipation It can occur if fibroids press on the intestine.
Back or leg pain can occur if fibroids press on nerves.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of fibroids is unknown, but several factors play a role:
Hormones – estrogen and progesterone appear to promote the growth of fibroids.
Genetic factors – if your mother or sister had fibroids, you have an increased risk.
Ethnicity – Black women have a higher risk of developing fibroids.
Obesity and excessive consumption of red meat can increase the risk.
Diagnostic
Fibroids are often discovered during a routine pelvic exam. Confirmatory tests include:
Ultrasound is the standard method for visualizing fibroids.
MRI It provides detailed images and can determine the exact size and location.
Hysteroscopy allows visualization of the interior of the uterus.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the size and location of the fibroids, the severity of symptoms, and reproductive plans.
mONITORING – if you have no symptoms, your doctor may only recommend regular monitoring.
drugs They can help control bleeding and pain, but they do not eliminate fibroids.
Minimally invasive procedures such as uterine artery embolization or thermal ablation can shrink fibroids.
Myomectomy It is a surgical procedure to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus.
Hysterectomy It is the only way to definitively cure it, involving removal of the uterus.
Conclusion
Uterine fibroids are common and usually benign. Although they can cause discomfort, there are multiple treatment options. It is important to see a gynecologist for an individualized evaluation and treatment plan.